The correct answer is Socialist and Secular.

Key Points

The 42nd Amendment Act:

• It was enacted by Indian National Congress headed by Indira Gandhi 
• Words ‘Socialist’, ‘Secular’ and ‘Integrity’ were added in Preamble
• The 42nd Amendment Act is also known as ‘Mini-Constitution'.
• 10 Fundamental Duties added for the citizens after the 42nd Amendment Act
• It also made President bound to the advice of the cabinet.

Additional Information

• The Right to Education for all between 6 and 14 years of age has been included in Article 21-A of Fundamental Rights in the Constitution of India.
  • It was included in the Constitution through the 86th Amendment Act, 2002.
  • It provides the free and compulsory education of all children in the age group of six to fourteen years as a Fundamental Right.
• ​RTI or Right to Information Act is a fundamental right and is an aspect of Article 19 (1)(a) of the Indian Constitution.
  • Right to Information replaced the Freedom of Information Act, 2002.
  • RTI helps Indians receive information about the government in a systemic, time-constrained, and hassle-free manner by enabling them to question certain delays in projects and accounts of spending from the taxpayer's money in various projects.

The correct answer is the Attorney General of India.

Key Points

• The Attorney General of India is appointed as the principal legal advisor to the Government of India.
• As per Article 76 of the Constitution of India, the Attorney General (AG) is appointed by the President of India.
• To be appointed as Attorney General it is necessary that:
  • He must be a citizen of India;
  • He should have five years experience of working as a Judge of the High Court;
  • He should have 10 years of experience of advocacy in a High Court; or
  • According to the opinion of the President, he should be a qualified person for judicial matters.
• Significantly, no definite interpretation has been given in the constitution regarding the tenure of the Attorney General, although he can be removed from the post at any time by the President.
• In addition, the Attorney General can be relieved at any time by submitting his resignation to the President.
• The Attorney General's remuneration is not prescribed in the Constitution, as per Article 76 of the Constitution, the Attorney General's remuneration is determined by the President.
• Therefore, he holds his office during the pleasure of the President.

Important Points

• Functions of AG:
  • To advise the Government of India on such law-related subjects as may be assigned by the President.
  • To perform such other duties of legal nature as are assigned by the President.
  • To represent the Government in matters relating to the Government of India in the Supreme Court.
  • Right to be heard in the High Court in any matter related to the Government of India.
  • To discharge the functions provided by the Constitution or any other law.

The correct answer is India and Singapore.

Key Points

• The 12^th Edition of Exercise Agni Warrior, a bilateral exercise between the Singapore & Indian Army, which commenced on 13 November 2022 concluded at Field Firing Ranges, Devlali (Maharashtra) on 30 November 2022.
  • Exercise Agni Warrior, involved showcasing joint firepower planning, execution, and use of New Generation Equipment by the Artillery arm of both armies.
  • Exercise also included participation by both sides in a joint computer war game as part of the joint planning process.
  • Both sides utilized niche technology and Artillery Observation Simulators as part of the joint training phase.
  • Indigenously manufactured Artillery guns and howitzers also participated during the final phase of the exercise.

The correct answer is Football.

• The term "offside trap" is used in Football.

Key Points

• Terminology associated with football are Banana Kick, Head, Penalty kick, Dribble, Offside, Hattrick, Foul, Left out, Goal, Right out, Stopper, Defender, Move, Pass, Comer back, Baseline, Rebound, offside trap.
• An offside trap is a move in which players in the defending team push upfield in order to put one or more opposing players into an offside position.
• Football:
  • The first football club in the world ‘Sheffield Football Club’ was founded in the year 1857 in England.
  • The first Football club in India was ‘Dalhousie Club’.
  • The apex institution of football is the ‘Federation of International Football Association’ (FIFA) was formed on May 21, 1904.
  • The headquarters of FIFA is in Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Football was included as a competitive game in Olympic Games officially in 1908.
  • India took part in the World Olympic Football Competition in 1948 in London.
  • The first World Cup was organised in Uruguay in 1930.
  • In India, Indian Football Association (IFA) organises National Football Championship.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Centimetre, Gram, Second.

Key Points

• CGS system of measurement units stands for Centimetre, Gram, Second.
• CGS system is a metric system of measurement that uses:
  • Centimeter for length.
  • Gram for mass.
  • Second for time.
• CGS system was superseded by the MKS system,
• MKS System is based on the fundamental units of:
  • Meter for distance.
  • Kilogram for mass.
  • Second for time.
• The units of force and work are the "dyne" and "erg." Contrast with MKS system.
• MKS system is also called SI System.

The correct answer is Governor.

Appointments made by the President of India:

• Chairman and Members of Union Public Service Commission.
• Chief Justice and other judges of Supreme Court of India and respective State and Union Territory High Court.
  Chief Minister of Nation Capital Territory of Delhi.
• Comptroller and Auditor General.
• Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners.
• Attorney General of India.

Appointments made by the Governor:

• Chief Minister of a State.
• Advocate General of State.
• Chairman and Members of State Public Service Commission.
• State Election Commissioner.
• Council of Ministers.
• Chief Secretary.

Appointments made by Prime Minister:

• The Prime minister provides advice to the President for the appointment of the Attorney General of India, Solicitor General of India, Ministers, etc.

Appointments made by the Chief Minister:

• Provides advice to the Governor for different appointments.

The correct answer is Russia.

Key Points

• The constitution of India has borrowed most of its provisions from the constitution of different countries in the world.
• According to Dr B R Ambedkar, the constitution of India has been framed after ransacking all the known constitutions of the world.
• The important provisions borrowed from Russia are:
  • Five-year plan.
  • Fundamental duties.

Additional Information

• The important provisions borrowed from Britain are:
  • Parliamentary form of government
  • Rule of Law.
  • Single Citizenship.
  • Office of Comptroller and Auditor General of India.
  • Bicameralism.
  • Writs.
• The important provisions borrowed from the United States are:
  • Fundamental rights.
  • Preamble.
  • Independence of judiciary.
  • Judicial review.
  • Impeachment.
  • Post of vice-president.
• The important provisions borrowed from Germany:
  • Suspension of Fundamental Rights during the emergency.

The correct answer is Cytokinin.

• Among the options, only Cytokinin is a plant hormone.
• Cytokinin helps in the rapid cell division in plants.
  • Cytokinin is largely present in coconut water.
  • The two types of cytokinins are:
    1. Adenine-type cytokinins.
    2. Phenylurea-type cytokinins.
  • Cytokinins are involved in plant processes like cell division and shoot and root morphogenesis.
  • Farmers use cytokinin to increase crops.

Additional Information

• Melatonin is the hormone secreted by the Pineal gland.
  • Melatonin is also called the hormone of darkness.
  • Melatonin regulates the circadian rhythm of the human body.
  • The deficiency of melatonin caused sleeplessness.
• Gastrin is a peptide hormone released by the G cells in the pyloric antrum of the stomach, duodenum, and the pancreas.
• Cholecystokinin is a peptide hormone secreted by the enteroendocrine cells in the duodenum.

The correct answer is Mir Jafar.

Key Points

• Robert Clive a British officer bribed Mir Jafar who was the commander in chief of Nawab’s army.
  • The bribe was to make Mir Jafar the Nawab of Bengal.
  • Clive’s goal was to conquer Bengal in order to get the money and resources required for imperialism.
  • In this process, Clive betrayed Mir Jafar during the Battle of Plassey and did not make him the Nawab but in turn, conquered Bengal and made Mir Jafar a traitor who betrayed their country in the eyes of the Indians.
  • After the Battle of Plassey,  Mir Jafar was made Nawab of the Bengal.
  • In 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, Nawab Mir Jafar conferred the 24 Paraganas of Bengal to the British and also the Jangli mahals (small administrative units), as a result, he was propped up as the Puppet Nawab.

Additional Information

• Alamgir II was the Mughal Emperor at the time of the Battle of Plassey.
  • Alamgir II was the Mughal Emperor of India from 3 June 1754 to 29 November 1759.
  • He was the son of Jahandar Shah.
  • The Battle of Plassey was fought between Siraj-Ud-Daulah who was then the Bengal Nawab and East India Company forces headed by Robert Clive.
  • The Battle of Plassey took place when Nawab of Bengal Siraj-Ud-Daulah did not like the uncontrolled use of privileges by the East India Company’s officials.
  • Also, the workers of the company stopped paying taxes which became one of the reasons for the Battle of Plassey.​

• Siraj-ud-Daulah:
  • Siraj-ud-Daulah was the last independent Nawab of Bengal who succeeded Alivadi Khan to the throne.
  •  The end of his reign marks the beginning of the company's rule that continued unabated over the next two hundred years.
  • The end of his reign marked the start of British East India Company rule over Bengal and later almost all of the Indian subcontinent. 
• Mir Qasim:
  • Mir Qasim was the Nawab of Bengal from 1760 to 1763.
  • He was installed as Nawab with the support of the British East India Company, replacing Mir Jafar, his father-in-law, who had himself been supported earlier by the East India Company after his role in winning the Battle of Plassey for the British.

​The correct answer is Uttarakhand.

In News

• Uttarakhand tableau which showcased the state’s wildlife and religious sites at the 74th Republic Day parade has won the top prize.

Key Points

• Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh were in the second and third positions respectively.
• Army’s Punjab Regiment has been adjudged the best marching contingent among the three services.
• Gujarat’s tableau emerged as the numero uno in the popular choice segment.
• The tableau of Maharashtra was on Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav and presented “Sade Tin Shaktipithe” and “Nari Shakti.”
• The tableau of Uttar Pradesh showcased Ayodhya Deepotsav.
• Among the ministries and departments, the tableau of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs (Eklavya Model Residential Schools) won the best prize.
• The Central Public Works Department’s tableau on biodiversity conservation and ‘Vande Bharatam’ dance group earned a special prize.
• The IAF’s marching contingent emerged as the winner among the three services in the popular choice category.
• Among the central ministries and departments, the tableau by the CAPF, the Ministry of Home Affairs, emerged as the best in the popular choice segment.

Additional Information

• Uttarakhand:
  • Chief Minister - Pushkar Singh Dhami
  • Governor - Gurmit Singh
  • State Animal - Alpine musk deer
  • State Bird - Himalayan monal
  • Registered GI - Uttarakhand Tejpat
  • National Parks - Corbett National Park, Gangotri National Park, Govind National Park, Nanda Devi National Park, Rajaji National Park, Valley of Flowers National Park