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Solutions
Size of planet is same as that of earth, it means volume of planet is same as volume of earth.
So, the radius of planet = radius of earth = R (let)
Also we know, density = mass / volume
If volume is constant then density depends upon mass and it is directly proportional to mass.
According to question, density of planet is twice that of earth.
∴ Mass of planet is twice that of earth.
Let mass of earth is M
Then mass of planet is 2M
Now, g = GM / R2, for earth
g′= G(2M) / R2, for planet
Here you observed, 2g = g′
Hence, acceleration due to gravity on surface of planet is two times of acceleration due to gravity on earth's surface.
Acceleration due to gravity on planet's surface = 2 × 9.8 = 19.6 m/s2
Hence, the correct option is (A)