The correct answer is Requires advanced technological skills.

Key Points

• Requiring advanced technological skills is NOT true for the cottage industry.
• A cottage industry is a small-scale, decentralised manufacturing operation that is usually run from a house rather than a purpose-built facility.
• The amount of capital required to start a cottage industry, as well as the number of people employed, are used to characterise it.
• They frequently concentrate on the production of labour-intensive commodities, but they are at a major disadvantage when competing with factory-based mass producers.
• The cottage industry is defined as tiny, mostly family-run businesses whose profits are primarily utilised to support the household's daily requirements. As a result, it is also referred to as a small-scale industry.
• Many successful instances of small-scale companies may be seen in Japan, Germany, Italy, and other developed countries, with India displaying one of the oldest and largest expansions of such businesses.

The Sarvodaya Movement was initiated by Mahatma Gandhi. 

• Sarvodaya is a Sanskrit phrase that means "universal uplift" or "all progress."
• Mahatma Gandhi used the word as the title of his 1908 translation of John Ruskin's treatise on political economics, "Unto This Last," and Gandhi went on to use it to describe his own political philosophy's aim.
• Later Gandhians, such as Indian nonviolent leader Vinoba Bhave, used the phrase as a moniker for the post-independence social movement in India that aimed to guarantee that self-determination and equality reached all strata of society.

Key Points Sarvodaya movement:

• The Sarvodaya movement strives to rebuild rural India and empower its people via peaceful and cooperative ways.
• Sarvodaya emphasizes mutual love and coexistence. It was drawn from Ruskin's philosophy by Mahatma Gandhi and formed part of his constructive philosophy for the development of rural India's people.
•  Later Gandhians, such as Indian nonviolent leader Vinoba Bhave, used the phrase as a moniker for the post-independence social movement in India that aimed to guarantee that self-determination and equality reached all strata of society.
• The Sarvodaya Movement aspires to create a network of self-sustaining village communities.
• Family links, which are now limited to blood groups, would be expanded to include the whole village, with no distinctions made based on race, creed, caste, language, or other factors.

Additional Information

• Sarvodaya advocates for non-party democracy, but the Indian Constitution favors democracy based on political parties.
• Sarvodaya philosophy has been referred to as a utopian philosophy.
• Selfishness and jealousy, as well as other bad characteristics, have now developed in human nature.
• Gandhi's philosophy of simple life and elevated thinking is quickly becoming a legend. Wealth is seen as an essential criterion of our culture and a greater social value.

• The term Panchayati Raj is the system of rural local self-government to build democracy at the grass root level
• The term municipalities are the system of urban local self-government
• Panchayati Raj was made through 73^rd constitutional amendment act of 1992

The Correct Answer is to maintain public order.

Key Points

• Public health, sanitation, and public utility services are also the responsibility of the local government, but maintaining public order is the responsibility of the state government machinery, such as the police.
• The police are responsible for maintaining public order and security by patrolling, handling emergency duties, providing advice and guidance, and preventing unlawful activity.
• Ensuring traffic safety is an important part of this work.

The correct answer is 1, 3, & 4.

Urban Flooding

• Urban flooding is significantly different from rural flooding as urbanization leads to developed catchments, which increases the flood peaks from 1.8 to 8 times and flood volumes by up to 6 times. Consequently, flooding occurs very quickly due to faster flow times (in a matter of minutes).
• Urban areas are densely populated and people living in vulnerable areas suffer due to flooding, sometimes resulting in loss of life. It is not only the event of flooding but the secondary effect of exposure to infection also has its toll in terms of human suffering, loss of livelihood, and, in extreme cases, loss of life.
• The factors that contribute to Urban Flooding are-
  • ​Less water is able to infiltrate into the ground because of concretization in cities, so instead, it is discharged rapidly into streams. ​
  • Encroachment of wetlands in Urban areas for building residential or industrial areas.
  • Under-developed drainage system.
  • Clogging of the Drainage system because of waste aggregation.

The correct answer is 2000.

Key Points

• In order to make TPDS more focused and targeted towards this category of population, the "Antyodaya Anna Yojana” (AAY) was launched in December 2000 for one crore poorest of the poor families. 
• Antyodaya Anna Yojana involved identification of one crore poorest of the poor families from amongst the number of BPL families covered under TPDS within the States and providing them food grains at a highly subsidized rate of Rs.2/- per kg. for wheat and Rs.3/- per kg for rice. 
• Antyodaya anna yojana was launched to help the poorest of the poor.
• It is implemented for providing rice and wheat at a low rate through the public distribution system.
• Antyodaya anna yojana launched on 25th December 2000.
• Launched by the former Indian prime minister A. B Vajpayee.
• Introduced during the 9th five-year planning in India.

Gandhian education:

• Gandhi's views on education focus on the fact that education is not merely a mean to achieve status or earn money, rather it should bring freedom to the individual.
• He advocated the fact that kids must be imparted with vocational education which is a good way to learn and know things.
• Truth, nonviolence, Sarvodaya, and Satyagraha and their significance constitute Gandhian philosophy and are the four pillars of Gandhian thought.
• Gandhiji valued social reform and development more than political growth and advancement.
• He advocated social revolution and reform to go hand in hand with any political revolution.
• The main aim of his philosophy of Basic Education was to purify the heart and mind of all people and create a society free from all exploitation and aggression.
• According to him, education should develop human values in children.
• Gandhiji has divided educational aims into two categories as under:
  1. Immediate aims of education.
     • Gandhiji wished that each child should, through his education, be able to learn a productive craft to meet his future needs of life by adopting some industry or business.
     • He advocated culture is the main foundation and an essential part of education. Culture is the primary and basic thing which the girls should receive from the school.
     • Gandhiji also believed that one of the essential aims of education is moral development or character development.
     • Gandhiji also believed that a proper and harmonious contribution of all three is required for the making of the whole man.
     • Education should liberate the body, mind, and soul.
     • Gandhiji wished that students must learn the dignity of labor. They should not feel shy while doing some work with their hands.
  2. Ultimate aims of education
     • The ultimate aim of education is to realize God. All other aims are subservient to this supreme aim.
     • It is the same aim of self-realization which is coming down since the very early times of Indian wisdom and which constitutes the essence of Indian philosophy.

Though Gandhiji dreamt of a classless society, and an awakened society but, in his views, it is possible only when the heart and mind of all people in the society are free from any pre notion about any other person. So, The ultimate purpose of Gandhian education is the promotion of human beings.

The correct answer is Village Committee.

Key Points

• The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee was a committee originally appointed by the Government of India to examine the working of the Community Development Programme and the National Extension Service.
• The committee was formed on 16^th January 1957.
• Balwant Rai Mehta was the Chairman of this committee.
• The establishment of a 3-tier Panchayati Raj system is one of the main recommendations of this committee.
• The 3-tier system recommended by this committee is:
  1. Gram Panchayat at the village level.
  2. Panchayat Samiti at the block level.
  3. Zila Parishad at the district level.

Additional Information

Other important recommendations of the Balwant Rai Mehta Committee are:

• The Panchayat Samiti should be the executive body while the Zila Parishad should be the advisory, coordinating, and supervisory body.
• The District Collector should be the Chairman of the Zila Parishad.

The correct answer is Gandhism.

Key Points

• Gandhian Ideologies:
  • Truth and nonviolence: They are the twin cardinal principles of Gandhian thoughts.
  • For Gandhi Ji, truth is the relative truth of truthfulness in word and deed, and the absolute truth - the ultimate reality.
  • This ultimate truth is God (as God is also Truth) and morality - the moral laws and code - its basis.
  • Nonviolence, far from meaning mere peacefulness or the absence of overt violence, is understood by Mahatma Gandhi to denote active love - the pole opposite of violence, in every sense. Nonviolence or love is regarded as the highest law of humankind.
• Satyagraha:
  • Gandhi Ji called his overall method of nonviolent action Satyagraha.
  • It means the exercise of the purest soul force against all injustice, oppression and exploitation.
  • It is a method of securing rights by personal suffering and not inflicting injury on others.
  • The origin of Satyagraha can be found in the Upanishads, and in the teachings of Buddha, Mahavira and a number of other greats including Tolstoy and Ruskin.
• Sarvodaya-
  • Sarvodaya is a term meaning 'Universal Uplift' or 'Progress of All'.
  • The term was first coined by Gandhi Ji as the title of his translation of John Ruskin's tract on political economy, "Unto This Last".
• Swadeshi: 
  • ​The word swadeshi derives from Sanskrit and is a conjunction of two Sanskrit words. ‘Swa’ means self or own and ‘desh’ means country.
  • So Swadesh means one's own country.
  • Swadeshi, the adjectival form, means one’s own country, but can be loosely translated in most contexts as self-sufficiency.

The correct answer is The decentralization of powers of democracy

Key Points

• The Panchayati Raj system started on October 2, 1959, in Nagaur.
• Its main objective is to ensure public participation and democratic decentralization in development.
• The local self-government of villages in rural India which was introduced by the 73rd constitutional amendment in 1992 is generally referred to as the Panchayati Raj.
• In the present era, the Panchayati Raj functions as a system of governance in which the gram panchayats are the basic units that deal with the village-level administration.
• Basically, there are three levels of Panchayati Raj
  • Gram Panchayat (village level)
  • Panchayat Samiti (block level)
  • Zila Parishad (district level)
• The Panchayati Raj system prevails in all states of India except the states of Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Mizoram, and in all Union Territories except Delhi.