Germplasm collection is the collection of plant parts or seeds that have all different alleles of all genes in a crop. It can be used for plant breeding purpose in future.

Many diseases of plants are caused by bacteria such as black rot of crucifers. Late blight of potato, red rot of sugar cane is caused by fungi. Brown rust of wheat is also a fungal disease.

Bordeaux mixture is popular fungicide that prevents the growth of fungi. This mixture is discovered by getting clue from downy mildew of grapes. This mixture is effective against plants as well as human.

aphids or plant lice caused damage to crops by making bore into stem, leaves as well as seeds. Aphid ’s resistant variety of crops has been developed at Pusa agricultural institute as PusaGaurav.

The technique of fusion of the protoplasts from two different plant varieties is called somatic hybridization. Two varieties of crop that can be fertilized can be hybridized by this method.

Mutation is the sudden change in the base pair of genome naturally or artificially. Gamma radiation is used to create artificial hybridization in plants to create variations.

Green revolution is mainly dependent on plant breeding technique for high yielding and disease resistant variety in wheat, rice and maize etc.

Norman Borlaug is called as father of green Revolution. He has developed highly recognized and appreciated cultivating variety of wheat that increased the productivity of wheat many fold in different parts of world including India.

Rhizobium  is  nitrogen-fixing bacteria for leguminous crops (like soybean, groundnut, mung, chickpea, all types of beans, methi, alfalfa) in association with the roots of leguminous plants in the form of root nodules. 

These microorganisms fix the atmospheric nitrogen in the roots and make it available to plants, which plants cannot fix directly and makes the soil fertile and also increases the plant health.

 Whereas Nostoc, Azotobactor, and  Azospirilum  are the  nitrogen-fixing bacteria for crops like tea, coffee, rice, etc . 

Plants with desired traits are obtained by hybridization between two varieties having desired traits. Economically useful crops like wheat, rice, pulses are raised for higher yields, resistant to disease etc. by hybridization.