Alexander Cunningham wrote a report on a Harappan seal, which he published in the form of a drawing, in 1875.

In the excavation field, Mortimer Wheeler followed the stratigraphy of the mound, rather than digging mechanically along uniform horizontal lines. At the beginning of the First World War, he was commissioned into the Royal Artillery (Territorial Force), first remaining in London as an instructor in the University of London Officers 'Training Corps.

The full name of M.S. Vats is Madho Sarup Vats. He excavated at Harappa in 1921 under the aegis of the Archaeological Survey of India. He spent many years excavating at Harappa, particularly the building called the Great Granary.

Most of the Harappan inscriptions were short. The script of the Harappan Civilisation remains undeciphered till date. The average size of writing is five signs and largest text in a single line is 14 signs. He also established the direction of writing as right to left.

The uniqueness of the Great Bath, and its location in the Citadel, with several distinctive buildings, has led scholars to believe that it was meant for some special ritual bath.

An artefact is an object of archaeological interest, made by man in the past. It may be a tool or a piece of art. Major problem that is witnessed by archaeologists is to identify the nature/function of that artefact. For example, archaeologists try to find out whether the article was used as a tool or as an ornament. They seek the resemblance of the artefact in the present context.

Alexander Cunningham is known as the 'Father of Indian Archaeology '. He excavated many ancient sites in India like Sarnath and Sanchi.

Bead-making was the most important industry of the Harappans at Lothal and Chanhudaro.

Alexander Cunningham was the first Director-General of the ASI. He began archaeological excavations in the mid-nineteenth century. His main interest was in the archaeology of the early historic (c. sixth century BCE-fourth century CE) and later periods.

Gold was very rare in the Harappan civilisation. Hoards are objects kept carefully by people, often inside containers such as pots. Such hoards can be of jewellery or metal objects saved for reuse by metalworkers.