Anaemic hypoxia- It results from the reduced oxygen carrying capacity of blood due to anaemia or carbon mono-oxide poisoning, in both cases less haemoglobin is available for carrying oxygen.

In an organism utilizing carbohydrates as source of energy anaerobic ally, the RQ is likely to be infinity. When carbohydrates are substrates for respiration, it is called floating respiration.

In response to several mycobacterial products, a hypersensitivity response results in the formation of small, hard nodules called tubercles composed of bacteria, macrophages, T cells, and various human proteins.

Pertussis, sometimes called “whooping cough,” is caused by the gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Transmission occurs by inhalation of the bacterium in droplets released from an infectious person. The incubation period is 7 to 14 days.

The corrected glands with their functions are 

i. Helps in deglutition – Salivary gland 

ii. Degradation of starch – Small intestine 

iii. Degradation of nucleic acids – Pancreas

The salivary juice contains enzymes for the degradation of bacteria and starch. These enzymes are lysozymes and salivary amylases. The medium is slightly acidic for the action of its enzymes.

Mumps is a viral disease cause by the infection of the paramyxo virus. It occurs when the parotid glands are infected these virus.

Casein is degraded by the enzyme rennin in the presence of calcium ions. This phenomenon is known as the curdling of milk.

Respiration involves the following steps: (1) breathing, (2) Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across alveolar membranes (3) transport of gases by the blood (4) Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and tissues (5) utilisation of oxygen by the cells for catabolic reactions.

The work of inspiration can be divided into three fractions (1) that required expanding the lungs against the lung and elastic forces called the compliance work or the elastic work; (2) that required to overcome the viscosity of the lung and chest wall structures called the tissue resistance work; and (3) that required to overcome airway resistance to movement of air into lungs called airway resistance work.

Newton’s Law of Cooling states that the rate of temperature of the body is proportional to the difference between the temperature of the body and that of the surrounding medium.

Change in Temp/Change in time = -K(T - T_s)

60-70/5 = -K(65 – T)

54-60/5 = -K(57 – T)

-10/-6 = (65-T)/(57-T)

T = 45⁰

Principles of electrochemistry are applicable to electrochemical extraction of metals. In such processes, metal ion such as aluminium is reduced by electrolysis or by addition of some suitable reducing agent.

Phospholipids are esters of glycerol with two carboxylic acid residue and one phosphate group. Hence, phospholipids may be regarded as derivative of glycerol in which two hydroxyl groups are esterified with fatty acid, while third is esterified with phosphoric acid.

Being a weak acid,o-Nitrophenol can react only with strong base like NaOH but not with weak base like NaHCO₃.

Energy of photon = hc/λ = (6×10^-34 ×3 ×10⁸)/4000 ×10^-12 = 4.97 ×10^-17 J 

Number of photons = 2/ 4.97×10^-17 = 4.02 ×10¹⁶ photons.