Polymers are broken down into monomers in a process known as hydrolysis, which means “to split water,” a reaction in which a water molecule is used during the breakdown. During these reactions, the polymer is broken into two components.  If the components are un-ionized, one part gains a hydrogen atom (H) and the other gains a hydroxyl group (OH) from a split water molecule. This is what happens when monosaccharides are released from complex carbohydrates via hydrolysis.

Endosperm is formed by union of female central cell with male gamete. Diploid female plant will form haploid female gametophyte and large central cell with two polar nuclei giving 2n stage. Tetraploid male plant will produce 2n male gamete. When 2n male gamete fuse with two polar nuclei of central cell of female it will form endosperm with ploidy level 4n.

Cybrids are produced by the fusion of cytoplasm from nucleated cells with non-nucleated cells or cytoplasts. The nucleated cell can be unaltered or could have undergone depletion of endogenous mtDNA before cytoplasmic mixing.

Sucrose is non-reducing sugar because anomeric carbon of both the monosaccharide units are involved in glycoside or actal formation.

Bakanae disease is also called as foolish seedling disease. It affects the rice plant through the roots or crowns. It is caused by the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi. Affected seedlings show abnormal elongation and in severe cases may lead to death. This disease helped in the discovery of the hormone gibberellin produced by the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi.

The enormous diversity of life that we would encounter with the rich variety of living organisms is enormous and there are more than 20,000 species of ants, 3,00,000 species of beetles, 28,000 species of fishes, and nearly 20,000 species of orchids.

The boiling point of a given compound is as follows:

I. Ethylmethylamine - 33 to 34 °C

II. Propylamine - 49 °C

III. Trimethylamine - 2.9 °C