pH = −log(H⁺) = −log10⁻⁸ = 8

As the solution is acidic, pH<7. This is because [H⁺]from H₂₀[10⁻⁷] cannot be neglected in comparison to 10⁻⁸.

It is not possible for acid, so it is [H⁺], the [H⁺]of water is also added

Total [H⁺] in solution

= [H⁺] of HCl⁺[H⁺] of water

= (1 × 10⁻⁸ + 1 × 10⁻⁷)M

= (1 + 10) × 10⁻⁸ = 11 × 10⁻⁸M

∴ pH = −log[H⁺] = −log11 × 10⁻⁸

= −log11 + 8log10

= −1.0414 + 8

= 6.9586, between 6 and 7.

Hydrolysis of substituted chlorosilanes yield corresponding silanols which undergo polymerisation.

The reaction follows first-order kinetics. Hence k = 0.693/_t1/2 = 0.693/(80 s). For the reaction to be 80%, [A]_t/[A]₀ = 0.2. Hence

The acidic strength of an acid is defined as the tendency of the acid to dissociate into its corresponding ions in order to release a proton and the anion. The acidic strength of a strong acid is high and that of a weak acid is low. This means that on dissociation, a strong acid releases its proton at a much faster rate than the weak acid.

Oxidation number: The greater the oxidation number of the central atom of the oxide, the greater the acidic strength will be.

n a periodic table, the acidic strength of an atom increases across a period and decreases down the group. In the above options, the correct order of acidic strength of the oxides is:

Cl₂O₇ > SO₃ > P₄O₁₀

The oxidation state of the oxides is as follows:

Let the oxidation number of the chlorine atom be 'x′.

Cl₂O₇ = 2x + 7(−2) → x = +7

Let the oxidation number of the sulfur atom be ′y′.

SO₃ = y + 3(−2) ⇒ y = +6

Let the oxidation number of the phosphorus atom be ′z′.

P₄O₁₀ − 4z + 10(−2) → z − +5

Thus, as we can see that the order of oxidation is in a decreasing manner, this means that this option is correct.

So, the correct answer is Option (a).

(i) Since H₂O is highly polar in nature and aniline is highly reactive towards electrophilic substitution.