the reaction involved in electrolysis of aluminium are as follows- 

Cathode- Al³⁺(melt) + 3e^- → Al 

Anode- C(s) + O^2-(melt) → CO(g) + 2e^- 

C(s) + 2O^2- (melt) → CO₂ + 4e^-

Biodegradable wastes are generated by cotton mills, food processing units, paper mills and textile factories. 
Non-biodegradable wastes are generated by thermal power plants and iron and steel industries.

For 3s orbital, n=3 and l =0 

Number of radial nodes=n – l – 1 = 3 – 0 – 1 = 2 

For 2p orbital, n=2 and l =1 

Number of radial nodes=n – l – 1 = 2 – 1 – 1 = 0

Substance eliminates bromine from KBr solution Cl₂

When the current is switched on, e.m.f. is induced in the circuit and this further opposes the growth of current in the circuit

Sporozoites of malarial parasite infect the human liver. Each sporozoite then develops into a schizont.

In Post erythrocytic phase of Plasmodium mutation occurs the most and the mutation rate of the parasite has a direct influence on the frequency at which resistance can emerge.

Presence of diaphragm is the unique feature in mammals and not found in any other organisms, diaphragm separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity. Homeothermy , presence of rib cage and four chambered heart can be found in animals of other classes too.

Linnaeus’s sexual system of classification is based on artificial system and based on stamen characters. He said that the stamens are the most important characters for classification. This system of classification was artificial so it later became outdated.

Linnaeus divided the plant into 24 classes in his sexual system of classification.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) belongs to class Ascomycetes and is found on substances having high amount of sugar. It is used as a vitamin A and vitamin B source, in baking industry to make bread & in alcoholic fermentation to produce beer.

One of the biological pollution indicators is Lichens because they do not grow in polluted areas.

condrous is a species of red algae that grows abundantly on rocky parts of coastal region. In its fresh condition it is found to be soft and cartilaginous, varying in color. The principal constituent is its mucilaginous body that is made of polysaccharide. Its body contains almost 10% protein too.

in liverworts (marchantia), elaters are cells that would develop in the sporophyes alongside spores. They are complete cells, with helical thickenings at maturity that would respond to moisture content. In most of liverworts they will be unattached.