Megakaryocytes are special cells found in bone marrow.

Mast cells are granulated leucocytes which help in defence mechanism and allergic reactions. They produce histamine which is a vasodilator and heparin which is an anti-coagulant.

High blood pressure can affect the proper functioning of heart kidneys and brain. Lungs on the other hand are least affected.

• Streptokinase is produced by the bacterium Streptococcus and is used as Clot buster for removing clots from blood vessels of patients who have undergone myocardial infarction leading to heart attack.
• Monascus purpureus is a yeast commercially used in the production of Statins which is used as blood cholesterol-lowering agents.
• Penicillin was the first antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming from the fungus Penicillium notatum.
• Cyclosporin A is produced by Trichoderma polysporum (fungus) and used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ transplant patients.

Pericardium is the fluid filled bag surrounding the heart. It is filled with pericardial fluid which acts as shock absorber.

• The working of the heart includes contractions and relaxations of the atria and ventricle of the heart is called systole and relaxation is called diastole.
• The dynamics of blood flow through the blood vessels is no exception and blood flow through the blood vessels along a pressure gradient, always moving from higher to lower areas.
• The pumping action of heart generated blood flow. The contraction of atria is initiated and activated by the Sinoatrial node  (SA-node Pacemaker), which spreads the wave of contraction across the wall of atria via muscle fibers at regular intervals.

• Lymph is a colourless fluid containing specialised lymphocytes which are responsible for the immune responses of the body.
• Compared to blood, our lymph has more WBC’s and no RBC’s.
• It lacks red blood cells and platelets but has white blood cells mainly lymphocytes that range from 1000-2000 per cubic mm.
• Lymph transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, etc., to the body cells and brings carbon dioxide and other metabolic wastes, from the body cells and finally pours the same into the venous system.

The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is as high as 104 mm Hg. The partial pressure of oxygen in the capillaries of the pulmonary artery is 95 mm Hg.

In the vestibule region the septum is composed of hyaline cartilage. The posterior part of the septum is composed of ethmoid bone in case of humans.

During exercise forceful expiration takes place in which with relaxation of respiratory muscles, contraction of expiratory or respiratory muscles also takes place. These muscles are of two types- abdominal muscle and internal intercostals muscles.

However strong the magnet may be, current can be induced only by changing the magnetic flux through the loop. Magnetic flux can be changed by moving the coil w.r.t. the magnets or vice-versa.

Induced current is clockwise. This produces an “induced” B field pointing down over the area of the loop. 

The “induced” B filed opposes the increasing flux through the loop. (According to the Lenz’s law)

No current is induced because current cannot be induced by changing the electric flux.

The central atom, Xe has a hybridization of sp³d³. Thus, its structure should be pentagonal bipyramidal. However, its geometry is distorted octahedral. This is because the fluorine atoms occupy the vertices of the octahedron and lone pairs keeps on moving in space to minimise repulsion due to octahedral geometry gets distorted.

Acidity increases from left to right, ranging from strongly basic oxides on the left to strongly acidic ones on the right, with an amphoteric oxide (aluminium oxide) in the middle. An amphoteric oxide is one which shows both acidic and basic properties. Acidic character of oxides decreasing on going down the group.

According to the Bohr model, it is possible to know the position and momentum of electron simultaneously with no uncertainty. This is the violation of Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

The smoke is a mixture of solid (dispersed phase) in gas (dispersion medium).