Chimpanzee is more closely related to man because of the following evidences. 

1. chromosome banding pattern 

2. DNA extracted from sex chromosomes 

3. autosomes and mitochondrial similarity . 

Some more similarities between human and chimpanzee are: 

A) DNA matching showed similarity of humans with chimpanzee. 

B) Almost similar banding pattern in chromosomes 3 and 6 of humans and chimpanzee. 

C) Serum tests indicated homology between human and chimpanzee.

August Weismann, was a neo-Darwinian biologist who proposed the germplasm theory. He proposed the occurrence of an internal stimulus which affects germ cells and results in heritable variations. 

• Pasteurgerm theory of diseases. This theory of disease states that certain diseases are caused by specific germs or infectious agents.
• Charles Darwin proposed the theory of natural selection the process by which organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioural traits. Changes that allow an organism to better adapt to its environment will help it survive and have more offspring.
• Lamarck proposed the theory of inheritence of acquired characters in which he states that the internal force ends to increase the size of the body, the developmental ad power of action of an organ is directly proportional to its uses.
• Hugo de Vries proposed the mutation theory. according to this theory, new species originate as a result of large, discontinuous variation that appears suddenly.
• Darwin put forward the theory of pangenesis that stares that every organ of the body produces minute heredity particle called Paagenes ad they are carries through their blood into the gamates.
• Mendels proposed the theory of inheritance.

Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny was coined by Ernst Haeckel , a 19th century German biologist, it means that development of an organism ( ontogeny) expresses all the intermediate forms of its ancestors through evolution (phylogeny).

The cycas is considered as a living fossil because of several primitive features – now having only a few living representative of once a large group of plants (gymnosperms) that were there during the Mesozoic era.

According to Oparin, the primitive earth had a reducing atmosphere was reducing because of presence of H atoms along with of H₂, N₂water vapour, CO₂, CH₄ and NH₃ were most numerous and most reactive but free oxygen was absent.

According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, the frequency of alleles & genotype in a population remains constant from generation to generation, if the population is stable & in genetic equilibrium.

In a diploid organism, ‘p’ & ‘q’ represents the frequency of ‘A’ & ‘a’.

‘p’ represents the frequency of allele ‘A’  & where ‘AA’ is p² 

• i.e. p² represents the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals in a population.

‘q’ represents the frequency of allele ‘a’  & where ‘aa’ is  q² 

• i.e. q² represents the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals in a population

2pq represents the frequency of 2Aa

• i.e. 2pq represents the frequency of heterozygous individuals in a population

According to him AA, Aa, aa forms the gene pool.

If conditions are fulfilled then p+q = 1

• Mathematically it is expressed as p² + 2pq + q² = 1

In the course of human evolution, there is seen a gradual change in the brain capacities of early human beings. 

• Homo habilis: the first human-like beings the hominid was homo habilis . They probably did not eat meat. They had the smallest brain capacity between 650-800cc cranial capacity and was about 1.2 to 1.5 m tall.
• Homo erectus is a species of archaic humans that lived throughout most of the Pleistocene geological epoch. Its earliest fossil evidence dates to 1.8 million years ago and had a brain capacity of 900cc.
• Homo Neanderthalensis has the brain capacity of 1300-1600cc. They had a slightly prognathous face. they were the legendary cave dweller, having heavy brow ridge and humped back.
• Earlier Homo sapiens had bodies with short, slender trunks and long limbs. Homo sapiens living today have an average brain size of about 1400-1450 cubic centimetres which makes-up 2.2% of our body weight. 

Adaptive radiation is defined as diversification of any specie into various forms, all of which are specialized to be adaptive to specific environmental niches. Adaptive radiation in mammals based on locomotion is seen in cheetah, kangaroo, fossorial or burrowing mole, flying bat, arboreal squirrel etc.

Reason-the resolving power of electron microscope is 10 A °, which is 100 times more than the light microscope.

The earliest organisms which appeared on earth were anaerobic chemoautotrophs. 

They were first autotrophic organisms and were unable to perform photolysis of water, thereby never released oxygen, e.g. sulphur bacteria.

• Chemoautotrophs are able to synthesize their own organic molecules from the fixation of carbon dioxide. These organisms are able to produce their own source of food or energy.
• The energy required for this process comes from the oxidation of inorganic molecules such as iron, sulfur or magnesium.
• Chemoautotrophs are able to thrive in very harsh environments, such as deep sea vents, due to their lack of dependence on outside sources of carbon other than carbon dioxide.
• Chemoautotrophs include nitrogen-fixing bacteria located in the soil, iron-oxidizing bacteria located in the lava beds, and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria located in deep sea thermal vents.

The plot of ∆G˚ vs temperature for the formation of oxides of elements is called Ellingham diagram. The plots of ∆_fG (metal oxide) per mole of oxygen vs temperature are useful in deciding the reducing agent and temperature for reducing a specific metal oxide.

generally the presence of electron withdrawing group (EWG) increases the acidic character of the carboxylic acids. Higher the number of halogen atoms increases the strength of acid. Hence, trichloroacetic acid has the highest acidity among the given compounds.

The number of anions in AlCl₃ = 3, MgCl₂ = 2, Na₃PO₄ = 1 

More the number of anions, more is its coagulation power for coagulation of As₂S₃ 

Therefore, coagulation power is of order I<II<III

The beans are cooked earlier in pressure cooker because boiling point increases with increase in pressure. 
i.e. P α T